---
title: Identify the definition of a fledgling. — Thinking like an animal · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the definition of a fledgling. Exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Thinking like an animal» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Thinking like an animal

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the definition of a fledgling.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, define · **To what, where:** definition, fledgling

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Thinking like an animal» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/30-thinking-like-an-animal/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:30-thinking-like-an-animal:e2:1
# text = Identify the definition of a fledgling.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	definition	definition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fledgling	fledgling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the definition of a fledgling |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent definition=Theme |
| 2 | **define** |  |  | a fledgling |  |  |  |  | nom definition «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird that has been abandoned by its parents

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:30-thinking-like-an-animal:e2:o1:1
# text = A bird that has been abandoned by its parents
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	abandoned	abandon	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **abandon** | present · perfect · passive | bird's parents | a bird |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme subject=Source |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An adult bird that has lost the power of flight

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:30-thinking-like-an-animal:e2:o2:1
# text = An adult bird that has lost the power of flight
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	adult	adult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	flight	flight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | a adult bird |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A young feathered bird that has left the nest and hops upon the ground whilst its parents still feed it

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:30-thinking-like-an-animal:e2:o3:1
# text = A young feathered bird that has left the nest and hops upon the ground whilst its parents still feed it
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	feathered	feathered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
11	hops	hop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
18	still	still	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	feed	feed	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · perfect · passive |  | a young feathered bird |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme nest=Attribute |
| 2 | **hop** | present | a young feathered bird |  |  | the ground |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon ground=Trajectory |
| 3 | **feed** | present | bird's parents | bird |  |  | still |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A newly hatched bird without feathers inside the nest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:30-thinking-like-an-animal:e2:o4:1
# text = A newly hatched bird without feathers inside the nest
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hatched	hatch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	nest	nest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hatch** | participle |  | bird |  | the nest |  | without feathers; newly *property* | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent bird=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Thinking like an animal, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/30-thinking-like-an-animal/e1/)
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