---
title: Last year Sam was the shortest in class; this year he grew 8 centime… — Drinking water, cuts, bruises, head bu… · tree and pragmatics
description: Last year Sam was the shortest in class; this year he grew 8 centimetres. What does this show? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 318 «Drinking water, cuts, bruises, head bumps, burns, growing and needing glasses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the que
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · Drinking water, cuts, bruises, head bumps, burns, growing…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Last year Sam was the shortest in class; this year he grew 8 centimetres. What does this show?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Sam, this · **What happens:** be, grow, show · **To what, where:** class, 8 centimetres

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 318 «Drinking water, cuts, bruises, head bumps, burns, growing and needing glasses» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Last year Sam was the shortest in class; this year he grew 8 centimetres.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing:t7:1
# text = Last year Sam was the shortest in class; this year he grew 8 centimetres.
1	Last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Sam |  |  | class | year | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | past | Sam | 8 centimetres |  |  | year |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location centimetre=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does this show?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing:t7:2
# text = What does this show?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People have growth spurts at different ages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing:t7:o1:1
# text = People have growth spurts at different ages
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	spurts	spurt	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | People | growth spurts |  |  | at different ages |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spurt=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Height can never change quickly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing:t7:o2:1
# text = Height can never change quickly
1	Height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **change** | can | Height |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He must have stretched every night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing:t7:o3:1
# text = He must have stretched every night
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stretch** | must · perfect · passive |  | He |  |  | night |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam must have been very ill last year and is now catching up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:318-water-cuts-bruises-bumps-burns-growing-and-seeing:t7:o4:1
# text = Sam must have been very ill last year and is now catching up
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	conj	_	_
13	up	up	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | must · perfect | Sam | ill last year |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch up** | present · progressive | Sam *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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