--- title: Identify the principal reason for which a person need not invent an… — Saying no honestly, harmful lies, chea… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal reason for which a person need not invent an excuse when declining an invitation. Exam question 2 of lesson 333 «Saying no honestly, harmful lies, cheating in games and tests, jokes and teasing» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing/e2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Saying no honestly, harmful lies, chea…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing/) / e2 # Exam question 2 · Saying no honestly, harmful lies, cheating in games and te… Identify the principal reason for which a person need not invent an excuse when declining an invitation. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, person · **What happens:** identify, not invent, decline · **To what, where:** principal reason, excuse, invitation This is exam question 2 of lesson 333 «Saying no honestly, harmful lies, cheating in games and tests, jokes and teasing» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing/#e2). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing:e2:1 # text = Identify the principal reason for which a person need not invent an excuse when declining an invitation. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 obl _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 9 need need AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 invent invent VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 acl _ _ 12 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 excuse excuse NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 15 advmod _ _ 15 declining decline VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 16 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 invitation invitation NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | | 2 | **not** **invent** | present | a person | a excuse | | | | for the principal reason | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent excuse=Result for which=Beneficiary | | 3 | **decline** | gerund | a person *not said here* | a invitation | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent invitation=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} One does not owe everyone a reason for saying no ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing:e2:o1:1 # text = One does not owe everyone a reason for saying no 1 One one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nsubj _ _ 2 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 owe owe VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 4 iobj _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 for for SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 saying say VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 acl _ _ 10 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **owe** | present · do-support | One | a reason | everyone | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Goal reason=Theme | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a reason *not said here* | no | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent no=Topic | ### Option 2 {#o2} Excuses are prohibited by law ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing:e2:o2:1 # text = Excuses are prohibited by law 1 Excuses excuse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 prohibited prohibit VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 law law NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **prohibit** | present · passive | law | Excuses | | | | | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer subject=Theme | ### Option 3 {#o3} Invitations cannot be refused ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing:e2:o3:1 # text = Invitations cannot be refused 1 Invitations invitation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ SpaceAfter=No 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 4 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 refused refuse VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **refuse** | can · passive | | Invitations | | | | | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} Excuses are always discovered by the host in the end ```conllu # sent_id = question:everyday:333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing:e2:o4:1 # text = Excuses are always discovered by the host in the end 1 Excuses excuse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 4 advmod _ _ 4 discovered discover VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 host host NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl:agent _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 end end NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **discover** | present · passive | the host | Excuses | | | in the end | always *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Saying no honestly, harmful lies, chea…, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing/e1/) - next →: [Saying no honestly, harmful lies, chea…, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing/e3/) - ↑ back to [Saying no honestly, harmful lies, cheating in games and tests, jokes and teasing](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/333-saying-no-honestly-harmful-lies-cheating-jokes-and-teasing/)