---
title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — Borrowing without asking · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the removal of an article without the permission of its owner, with the intention of its subsequent return. Exam question 1 of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Borrowing without asking](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Borrowing without asking

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the removal of an article without the permission of its owner, with the intention of its subsequent return.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts, intention · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, remove, permit · **To what, where:** response, removal, article, owner, subsequent return

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:e1:1
# text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the removal of an article without the permission of its owner, with the intention of its subsequent return.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	removal	removal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	without	without	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	with	with	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	intention	intention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	parataxis	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the response |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | the removal of a article |  |  |  | without the permission of permission's owner | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus removal=Experiencer |
| 5 | **remove** |  |  | a article |  |  |  |  | nom removal «act transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **permit** |  |  | permission's owner |  |  |  |  | nom permission «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **intend** |  |  | intention's subsequent return |  |  |  |  | nom intention «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
| 8 | **return** |  | intention |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes borrowing and is therefore entirely permissible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:e1:o1:1
# text = It constitutes borrowing and is therefore entirely permissible
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	borrowing	borrow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **borrow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | entirely, permissible, therefore *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible where the owner possesses a surplus of such articles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:e1:o2:1
# text = It is permissible where the owner possesses a surplus of such articles
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	7	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	possesses	possess	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	surplus	surplus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | permissible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **possess** | present | the owner | a surplus of such articles |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot surplus=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible provided the article is returned undamaged and within a reasonable time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:e1:o3:1
# text = It is permissible provided the article is returned undamaged and within a reasonable time
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
9	undamaged	undamaged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	within	within	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	reasonable	reasonable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | permissible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **provide** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **return** | present · passive |  | the article |  |  |  | undamaged *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes taking without consent and is not properly described as borrowing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:e1:o4:1
# text = It constitutes taking without consent and is not properly described as borrowing
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	without	without	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	consent	consent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	described	describe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | without consent | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **describe** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | as borrowing; properly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: as borrowing=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Borrowing without asking, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/t11/)
- next →: [Borrowing without asking, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Borrowing without asking](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/)