---
title: Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?» Noah says yes.… — Borrowing without asking · tree and pragmatics
description: Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?» Noah says yes. Why is this fine when taking wasn't? Test 11 · ★★ of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Test 11 · ★★ · Borrowing without asking

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?» Noah says yes. Why is this fine when taking wasn't?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, I, Noah, this · **What happens:** have, say, be, take, not be · **To what, where:** card, yours · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 339 «Borrowing without asking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/339-borrowing-without-asking/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?»

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:1
# text = Swapper: «you can have my card if I can have yours?»
1	Swapper	swapper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
13	yours	your	PRON	PRP	Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | can | you | my card |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent card=Patient |
| 2 | **have** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | can | I | yours |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent your=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Noah says yes.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:2
# text = Noah says yes.
1	Noah	Noah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Noah |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Why is this fine when taking wasn't?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:3
# text = Why is this fine when taking wasn't?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | this *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 3 | **not** **be** | past | this *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both boys agree, so it's a fair swap

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:o1:1
# text = Both boys agree, so it's a fair swap
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	agree	agree	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	swap	swap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | both boys |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | a fair swap |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The card is cheaper now

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:o2:1
# text = The card is cheaper now
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	cheaper	cheap	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the card |  |  |  | now | cheap *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It isn't fine either

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:o3:1
# text = It isn't fine either
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	either	either	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | either, fine *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swaps never count

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:339-borrowing-without-asking:t11:o4:1
# text = Swaps never count
1	Swaps	swap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	count	count	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **count** | present | Swaps |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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