---
title: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts co… — Cheating in games and sports · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the resetting of a game by a participant who is losing. Exam question 1 of lesson 341 «Cheating in games and sports» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question a
---

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# Exam question 1 · Cheating in games and sports

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the resetting of a game by a participant who is losing.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, response, established facts, participant · **What happens:** select, be, establish, concern, reset, lose · **To what, where:** response

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 341 «Cheating in games and sports» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/341-cheating-in-games-and-sports/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e1:1
# text = Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning the resetting of a game by a participant who is losing.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	resetting	reset	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	participant	participant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	losing	lose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the response |  |  |  |  | with the established facts; consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 4 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **reset** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of a game; by a participant | tree rules |
| 6 | **lose** | present · progressive | a participant |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a legitimate tactic

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e1:o1:1
# text = It constitutes a legitimate tactic
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	legitimate	legitimate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	tactic	tactic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a legitimate tactic |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tactic=Pivot |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes cheating and commonly causes other participants to cease playing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e1:o2:1
# text = It constitutes cheating and commonly causes other participants to cease playing
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cheating	cheat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	commonly	commonly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nsubj	_	_
6	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	cease	cease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cheat** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cause** | present | commonly | other participants |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition participant=Patient |
| 4 | **cease** | to-infinitive | commonly *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 5 | **play** | gerund | commonly *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is of no consequence to other participants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e1:o3:1
# text = It is of no consequence to other participants
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	consequence	consequence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of no consequence; to other participants | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible where the game is electronic, since no physical object is affected

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e1:o4:1
# text = It is permissible where the game is electronic, since no physical object is affected
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	electronic	electronic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
10	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	13	det	_	_
12	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	affected	affect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | permissible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the game |  |  |  |  | electronic *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **affect** | present · passive |  | no physical object |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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