---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Cheating in games and sports · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alteration of a score subsequent to its recording? Exam question 3 of lesson 341 «Cheating in games and sports» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each opt
---

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# Exam question 3 · Cheating in games and sports

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alteration of a score subsequent to its recording?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, alter · **To what, where:** alteration, score subsequent

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This is exam question 3 of lesson 341 «Cheating in games and sports» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/341-cheating-in-games-and-sports/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the alteration of a score subsequent to its recording?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	alteration	alteration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	score	score	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	subsequent	subsequent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	recording	recording	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the alteration of a score subsequent |  |  |  | of the following statements; to subsequent's recording; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **alter** |  |  | a score subsequent |  |  |  |  | nom alteration «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It alters the record but not the knowledge of the pupil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e3:o1:1
# text = It alters the record but not the knowledge of the pupil
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	alters	alter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **alter** | present | It | the record but the knowledge of the pupil |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent record=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It improves the knowledge of the pupil, since the higher mark encourages him

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e3:o2:1
# text = It improves the knowledge of the pupil, since the higher mark encourages him
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	improves	improve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	encourages	encourage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | present | It | the knowledge of the pupil |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent knowledge=Patient |
| 2 | **encourage** | present | the higher mark | pupil |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible where unobserved

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e3:o3:1
# text = It is permissible where unobserved
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
5	unobserved	unobserv	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | permissible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **unobserv** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is required by the rules of the quiz

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:341-cheating-in-games-and-sports:e3:o4:1
# text = It is required by the rules of the quiz
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	quiz	quiz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive | the rules of the quiz | It |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **rule** |  | the quiz |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Cheating in games and sports, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/341-cheating-in-games-and-sports/e2/)
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