---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the exclusion of a single pu… — Teasing and laughing at others · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the exclusion of a single pupil from an invitation extended to an entire class is especially hurtful. Exam question 2 of lesson 346 «Teasing and laughing at others» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 2 · Teasing and laughing at others

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the exclusion of a single pupil from an invitation extended to an entire class is especially hurtful.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, exclusion · **What happens:** identify, extend, be, exclude · **To what, where:** principal reason, invitation, entire class, single pupil

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 346 «Teasing and laughing at others» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the exclusion of a single pupil from an invitation extended to an entire class is especially hurtful.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	invitation	invitation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	extended	extend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **extend** | participle |  | a invitation *not said here* | a entire class |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to class=Recipient |
| 3 | **is** | present | the exclusion of a single pupil from a invitation |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason; especially, hurtful *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **exclude** |  |  | a single pupil from a invitation |  |  |  |  | nom exclusion «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It singles out that pupil as the only person excluded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others:e2:o1:1
# text = It singles out that pupil as the only person excluded
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	singles	single	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	only	only	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	excluded	exclude	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **single out** | present | It | that pupil |  |  |  | as the only person | tree rules |
| 2 | **exclude** | participle |  | the only person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Causer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is in no respect hurtful

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others:e2:o2:1
# text = It is in no respect hurtful
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | no respect |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It reduces the number of guests unduly and spoils the occasion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others:e2:o3:1
# text = It reduces the number of guests unduly and spoils the occasion
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reduces	reduce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	unduly	unduly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	spoils	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reduce** | present | It | the number of guests |  |  |  | unduly *property* | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer number=Patient |
| 2 | **spoil** | present |  | the occasion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is contrary to the law

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others:e2:o4:1
# text = It is contrary to the law
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	contrary	contrary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | to the law; contrary *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Teasing and laughing at others, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others/e1/)
- next →: [Teasing and laughing at others, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Teasing and laughing at others](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/346-teasing-and-laughing-at-others/)