---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Leaving someone out · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the disclosure to a class of a private matter confided by a friend? Exam question 3 of lesson 347 «Leaving someone out» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each
---

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# Exam question 3 · Leaving someone out

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the disclosure to a class of a private matter confided by a friend?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, confide · **To what, where:** disclosure, private matter

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 347 «Leaving someone out» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/347-leaving-someone-out/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:347-leaving-someone-out:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the disclosure to a class of a private matter confided by a friend?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	disclosure	disclosure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
18	confided	confide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the disclosure |  |  |  | of the following statements; to a class of a private matter; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **confide** *speech: other* | participle |  | a private matter *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a breach of trust which exposes the friend to ridicule

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:347-leaving-someone-out:e3:o1:1
# text = It constitutes a breach of trust which exposes the friend to ridicule
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	breach	breach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	trust	trust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	exposes	expose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	ridicule	ridicule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a breach of trust |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme breach=Pivot |
| 2 | **expose** | present | a breach of trust | the friend |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot friend=Topic |
| 3 | **ridicule** | to-infinitive | a breach of trust *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **breach** |  |  | trust |  |  |  |  | nom breach «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It strengthens the friendship, since the matter is now openly known to all

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:347-leaving-someone-out:e3:o2:1
# text = It strengthens the friendship, since the matter is now openly known to all
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	strengthens	strengthen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
10	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
11	openly	openly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **strengthen** | present | It | the friendship |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient |
| 2 | **know** | present · passive |  | the matter |  |  | now | to all; openly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is permissible where the matter is trivial

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:347-leaving-someone-out:e3:o3:1
# text = It is permissible where the matter is trivial
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	permissible	permissible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	trivial	trivial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | permissible *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the matter |  |  |  |  | trivial *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a harmless amusement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:347-leaving-someone-out:e3:o4:1
# text = It constitutes a harmless amusement
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	amusement	amusement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a harmless amusement |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme amusement=Pivot |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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