---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the discarding of food is re… — Wasting food and water · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the discarding of food is regarded as wasteful. Exam question 1 of lesson 360 «Wasting food and water» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Wasting food and water

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the discarding of food is regarded as wasteful.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, regard · **To what, where:** principal reason, discarding

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 360 «Wasting food and water» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the discarding of food is regarded as wasteful.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	discarding	discarding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	regarded	regard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	wasteful	wasteful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **regard** | present · passive |  | the discarding of food |  |  |  | for the principal reason; as wasteful | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for which=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It squanders the money, resources and labour expended in its production

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet:e1:o1:1
# text = It squanders the money, resources and labour expended in its production
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	squanders	squander	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	resources	resource	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	expended	expend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	production	production	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squander** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Goal |
| 2 | **expend** | past | the money and resources and labour |  |  | labour's production |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **produce** |  | labour |  |  |  |  |  | nom production «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food is of value only when expensive

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet:e1:o2:1
# text = Food is of value only when expensive
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
7	expensive	expensive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Food |  |  |  |  | of value | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food cannot be discarded legally

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet:e1:o3:1
# text = Food cannot be discarded legally
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	discarded	discard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	legally	legally	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **discard** | can · passive |  | Food |  |  |  | legally *property* | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Food which has been discarded is replaced at no cost to anyone whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet:e1:o4:1
# text = Food which has been discarded is replaced at no cost to anyone whatsoever
1	Food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	discarded	discard	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obl:agent	_	_
13	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discard** | present · perfect · passive |  | Food |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **replace** | present · passive | anyone | Food |  | no cost |  | whatsoever *property* | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Wasting food and water, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/360-sandwiches-taps-lights-paper-and-the-buffet/t10/)
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