---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Spoiling and losing things · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaving of a bicycle unlocked in a public place? Exam question 2 of lesson 361 «Spoiling and losing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Exam question 2 · Spoiling and losing things

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaving of a bicycle unlocked in a public place?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, leave, unlock · **To what, where:** bicycle, public place

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 361 «Spoiling and losing things» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the leaving of a bicycle unlocked in a public place?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bicycle	bicycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	unlocked	unlock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | of a bicycle | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of bicycle=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **unlock** | participle |  | a bicycle *not said here* |  | a public place |  |  | vn disassemble-23.3 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has no effect upon the risk of theft

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike:e2:o1:1
# text = It has no effect upon the risk of theft
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | It | no effect |  |  |  | upon the risk of theft | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |
| 2 | **risk** |  |  | theft |  |  |  |  | nom risk «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is entirely safe provided that the period is under one minute

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike:e2:o2:1
# text = It is entirely safe provided that the period is under one minute
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
5	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | provide *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the period |  |  |  |  | under one minute | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It greatly increases the likelihood of theft

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike:e2:o3:1
# text = It greatly increases the likelihood of theft
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	increases	increase	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | present | It | the likelihood of theft |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer likelihood=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It deters thieves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike:e2:o4:1
# text = It deters thieves
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deters	deter	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deter** | present | It | thieves |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer thief=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Spoiling and losing things, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike/e1/)
- next →: [Spoiling and losing things, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Spoiling and losing things](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/361-crayons-fridges-paper-planes-and-a-stolen-bike/)