---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Speaking up is bravery too · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act of reporting a witnessed incident to the head teacher in the presence of the assembled school? Exam question 1 of lesson 368 «Speaking up is bravery too» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Speaking up is bravery too

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act of reporting a witnessed incident to the head teacher in the presence of the assembled school?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** act · **What happens:** follow, characteris, report, witness, assemble · **To what, where:** act, witnessed incident, head teacher, presence

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 368 «Speaking up is bravery too» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the act of reporting a witnessed incident to the head teacher in the presence of the assembled school?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	reporting	report	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	amod	_	_
15	incident	incident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	assembled	assemble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	amod	_	_
26	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the act |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **report** | gerund | the act *not said here* | a witnessed incident | the head teacher | the presence of the assembled school |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent incident=Topic to teacher=Recipient |
| 4 | **witness** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **assemble** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It indicates chiefly a desire to obtain favour with the members of staff present

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too:e1:o1:1
# text = It indicates chiefly a desire to obtain favour with the members of staff present
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	indicates	indicate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	obtain	obtain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	favour	favour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	present	present	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **indicate** | present | It | a desire |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot desire=Topic |
| 2 | **obtain** | to-infinitive |  | favour |  |  |  | with the members of staff present | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset favour=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an act of disloyalty towards other pupils

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too:e1:o2:1
# text = It is an act of disloyalty towards other pupils
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	disloyalty	disloyalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a act |  |  |  | of disloyalty; towards other pupils | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a form of courage notwithstanding visible nervousness

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too:e1:o3:1
# text = It constitutes a form of courage notwithstanding visible nervousness
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
8	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	nervousness	nervousness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a form of courage |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme form=Pivot |
| 2 | **notwithstand** | gerund | courage *not said here* | visible nervousness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **form** |  |  | courage |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is of no value unless performed without fear

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too:e1:o4:1
# text = It is of no value unless performed without fear
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	unless	unless	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	performed	perform	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	without	without	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | of no value | tree rules |
| 2 | **perform** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle |  | no value *not said here* |  |  |  | without fear | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Speaking up is bravery too, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/368-speaking-up-is-bravery-too/t11/)
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