---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Jake, always in bruises · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between being feared and being esteemed? Exam question 1 of lesson 372 «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option
---

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# Exam question 1 · Jake, always in bruises

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between being feared and being esteemed?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, fear, esteem · **To what, where:** distinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 372 «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/372-jake-always-in-bruises/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between being feared and being esteemed?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	feared	fear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	esteemed	esteem	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distinction |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fear** | gerund · passive |  | the distinction *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V» |
| 4 | **esteem** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear is the principal foundation of friendship

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:e1:o1:1
# text = Fear is the principal foundation of friendship
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	friendship	friendship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fear | the principal foundation |  |  |  | of friendship | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear causes others to keep their distance, whereas esteem draws them nearer

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:e1:o2:1
# text = Fear causes others to keep their distance, whereas esteem draws them nearer
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	whereas	whereas	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	esteem	esteem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	draws	draw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | Fear | others |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | others *not said here* | others's distance |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distance=Theme |
| 3 | **draw** | present | esteem | whereas |  |  |  | near *property* | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent whereas=Beneficiary they=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Esteem may be obtained only through physical strength

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:e1:o3:1
# text = Esteem may be obtained only through physical strength
1	Esteem	esteem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **obtain** | may · passive |  | Esteem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear and esteem are entirely identical in their effects upon the conduct of others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:e1:o4:1
# text = Fear and esteem are entirely identical in their effects upon the conduct of others
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	esteem	esteem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	identical	identical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fear and esteem |  |  | Fear's effects |  | upon the conduct of others; entirely, identical *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **effect** |  | Fear |  |  |  |  |  | nom effect «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |
| 3 | **conduct** |  |  | others |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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