---
title: «Jake's got a massive shiner, he must've won a fight, legend». What'… — Jake, always in bruises · tree and pragmatics
description: «Jake's got a massive shiner, he must've won a fight, legend». What's more likely true? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 372 «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Jake, always in bruises

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Jake's got a massive shiner, he must've won a fight, legend». What's more likely true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Jake · **What happens:** get, win, be · **To what, where:** massive shiner, fight

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This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 372 «Jake, always in bruises» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/372-jake-always-in-bruises/#t1).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* «Jake's got a massive shiner, he must've won a fight, legend».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:t1:1
# text = «Jake's got a massive shiner, he must've won a fight, legend».
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	parataxis	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	shiner	shiner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	've	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	aux	_	_
12	won	win	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** *in a quote* | present · passive | Jake | a massive shiner |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shiner=Stimulus |
| 2 | **win** *in a quote* | must · perfect | Jake | a fight |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's more likely true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:t1:2
# text = What's more likely true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
4	likely	likely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bruise always means you won the fight, whatever happened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:t1:o1:1
# text = A bruise always means you won the fight, whatever happened
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bruise	bruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a bruise |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **win** | past | you | the fight |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fight=Eventuality |
| 3 | **happen** | past | whatever |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only winners get bruises

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:t1:o2:1
# text = Only winners get bruises
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	winners	winner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bruises	bruise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | winners | bruises |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bruise=Stimulus |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bruises mean you are the strongest

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:t1:o3:1
# text = Bruises mean you are the strongest
1	Bruises	bruise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bruises |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bruise only shows someone got hurt, not that they won

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:372-jake-always-in-bruises:t1:o4:1
# text = A bruise only shows someone got hurt, not that they won
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bruise	bruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	got	get	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a bruise |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hurt** | past · passive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **win** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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