---
title: Identify the principal category of persons who incur costs consequen… — What fights cost at home · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal category of persons who incur costs consequent upon a pupil's participation in a fight. Exam question 1 of lesson 376 «What fights cost at home» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Exam question 1 · What fights cost at home

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal category of persons who incur costs consequent upon a pupil's participation in a fight.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, persons, principal category, pupil · **What happens:** identify, incur, cost, participate · **To what, where:** consequent, fight

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 376 «What fights cost at home» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/376-what-fights-cost-at-home/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:376-what-fights-cost-at-home:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal category of persons who incur costs consequent upon a pupil's participation in a fight.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	category	category	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	incur	incur	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
10	consequent	consequent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	participation	participation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	fight	fight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **incur** | present | persons |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cost** | present | the principal category of persons | consequent |  |  |  | upon a pupil's participation in a fight | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme consequent=Value |
| 4 | **participate** |  | a pupil |  |  | a fight |  |  | nom participation «act intransitive»: poss=agent in=place |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exclusively the pupil adjudged to have lost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:376-what-fights-cost-at-home:e1:o1:1
# text = Exclusively the pupil adjudged to have lost
1	Exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	adjudged	adjudge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **adjudge** | past | the pupil |  |  |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn declare-29.4-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | the pupil *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | participle | the pupil *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pupil's family and others, in addition to the pupil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:376-what-fights-cost-at-home:e1:o2:1
# text = The pupil's family and others, in addition to the pupil
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	addition	addition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No person whatsoever, provided that no injury of any kind is sustained by anyone

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:376-what-fights-cost-at-home:e1:o3:1
# text = No person whatsoever, provided that no injury of any kind is sustained by anyone
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
8	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	11	det	_	_
11	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | past | no person |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **sustain** | present · passive | anyone | no injury of any kind |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 3 | **injure** |  |  | any kind |  |  |  |  | nom injury «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Exclusively the school authorities

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:376-what-fights-cost-at-home:e1:o4:1
# text = Exclusively the school authorities
1	Exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	authorities	authority	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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