---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Self-defence or just stupid? · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the notion of self-defence as applied to pupils? Exam question 1 of lesson 377 «Self-defence or just stupid?» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; M
---

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# Exam question 1 · Self-defence or just stupid?

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the notion of self-defence as applied to pupils?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, apply · **To what, where:** notion

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 377 «Self-defence or just stupid?» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/377-self-defence-or-just-stupid/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:377-self-defence-or-just-stupid:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the notion of self-defence as applied to pupils?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	notion	notion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	self	self	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	defence	defence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
16	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the notion of self defence |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **apply** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to pupils | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Responding physically to any verbal provocation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:377-self-defence-or-just-stupid:e1:o1:1
# text = Responding physically to any verbal provocation
1	Responding	respond	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	physically	physically	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	_
5	verbal	verbal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	provocation	provocation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **respond** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to any verbal provocation; physically *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to provocation=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pursuing the aggressor so as to deter future attacks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:377-self-defence-or-just-stupid:e1:o2:1
# text = Pursuing the aggressor so as to deter future attacks
1	Pursuing	pursue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	aggressor	aggressor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	deter	deter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	future	future	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pursue** | gerund |  | the aggressor |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aggressor=Theme |
| 2 | **deter** | to-infinitive | Pursuing | future attacks |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer attack=Eventuality |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing only what is necessary to cease being harmed, followed by withdrawal and reporting

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:377-self-defence-or-just-stupid:e1:o3:1
# text = Doing only what is necessary to cease being harmed, followed by withdrawal and reporting
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	1	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	necessary	necessary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cease	cease	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	withdrawal	withdrawal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	reporting	reporting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | Doing |  |  |  |  | necessary *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cease** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **harm** | gerund · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 5 | **follow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by withdrawal and reporting | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by withdrawal=Location |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retaliating with considerably greater force than was originally received by the pupil

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:377-self-defence-or-just-stupid:e1:o4:1
# text = Retaliating with considerably greater force than was originally received by the pupil
1	Retaliating	retaliate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	considerably	considerably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	originally	originally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	received	receive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retaliate** | gerund | the pupil *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with greater force | vn respond-113 «NP V PP.predicate»: agent=Agent with force=Eventuality |
| 2 | **receive** | past · passive | the pupil |  |  |  |  | originally *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Self-defence or just stupid?, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/377-self-defence-or-just-stupid/t11/)
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