---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises emba… — Maddie and Chloe's plaits · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises embarrassment as a cause of physical harm inflicted upon another? Exam question 3 of lesson 380 «Maddie and Chloe's plaits» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Everyday](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/) / [Maddie and Chloe's plaits](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Maddie and Chloe's plaits

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises embarrassment as a cause of physical harm inflicted upon another?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, inflict, cause · **To what, where:** embarrassment, physical harm

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 380 «Maddie and Chloe's plaits» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises embarrassment as a cause of physical harm inflicted upon another?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	embarrassment	embarrassment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	inflicted	inflict	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | embarrassment |  |  |  | of the following statements; as a cause of physical harm; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **inflict** | participle |  | physical harm *not said here* |  |  |  | upon another | tree rules |
| 4 | **cause** |  |  | physical harm |  |  |  |  | nom cause «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It renders the act harmless

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits:e3:o1:1
# text = It renders the act harmless
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	harmless	harmless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | It | the act |  |  |  | harmless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent act=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a complete justification

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits:e3:o2:1
# text = It constitutes a complete justification
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	justification	justification	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a complete justification |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme justification=Pivot |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It transfers responsibility to the injured party

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits:e3:o3:1
# text = It transfers responsibility to the injured party
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	transfers	transfer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **transfer** | present | It | responsibility | the injured party |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent responsibility=Theme to party=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may explain the act but does not excuse it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits:e3:o4:1
# text = It may explain the act but does not excuse it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	explain	explain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	excuse	excuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | may | It | the act |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent act=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **excuse** | present · do-support |  | act |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Maddie and Chloe's plaits, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits/e2/)
- next →: [Maddie and Chloe's plaits, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Maddie and Chloe's plaits](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/380-maddie-and-chloes-plaits/)