---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Street gangs and loyalty · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice of older youths bestowing gifts, praise and nicknames upon younger children? Exam question 2 of lesson 383 «Street gangs and loyalty» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Street gangs and loyalty

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice of older youths bestowing gifts, praise and nicknames upon younger children?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** older youths · **What happens:** follow, characteris, bestow, practice · **To what, where:** practice, gifts, older youths

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 383 «Street gangs and loyalty» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/383-street-gangs-and-loyalty/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:383-street-gangs-and-loyalty:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the practice of older youths bestowing gifts, praise and nicknames upon younger children?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	youths	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
14	bestowing	bestow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	nicknames	nickname	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
20	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	amod	_	_
22	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the practice of older youths |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **bestow** | gerund | older youths *not said here* | gifts and praise and nicknames |  |  |  | upon younger children | tree rules |
| 4 | **practice** |  |  | older youths |  |  |  |  | nom practice «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes disinterested kindness in all cases

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:383-street-gangs-and-loyalty:e2:o1:1
# text = It constitutes disinterested kindness in all cases
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	disinterested	disinterest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	cases	case	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | disinterested kindness |  | all cases |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kindness=Pivot |
| 2 | **disinterest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is required by custom between neighbouring streets in a town

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:383-street-gangs-and-loyalty:e2:o2:1
# text = It is required by custom between neighbouring streets in a town
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	custom	custom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	between	between	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	neighbouring	neighbour	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:agent	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive | neighbouring streets | It |  | a town |  | by custom | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **neighbour** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may constitute grooming intended to draw children into risky conduct

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:383-street-gangs-and-loyalty:e2:o3:1
# text = It may constitute grooming intended to draw children into risky conduct
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	constitute	constitute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	grooming	groom	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	intended	intend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	risky	risky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | may | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **groom** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **intend** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **draw** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | children |  |  |  | into risky conduct *result* | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent child=Patient into conduct=Result |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is without significance to the welfare of the child

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:383-street-gangs-and-loyalty:e2:o4:1
# text = It is without significance to the welfare of the child
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	welfare	welfare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | without significance; to the welfare of the child | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Street gangs and loyalty, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/383-street-gangs-and-loyalty/e1/)
- next →: [Street gangs and loyalty, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/383-street-gangs-and-loyalty/e3/)
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