---
title: Identify the principal reason for which certain children manifest af… — Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which certain children manifest affection by means of teasing or the pulling of hair. Exam question 1 of lesson 387 «Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 1 · Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which certain children manifest affection by means of teasing or the pulling of hair.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, certain children · **What happens:** identify, manifest, mean, pull · **To what, where:** principal reason, affection, hair

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 387 «Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which certain children manifest affection by means of teasing or the pulling of hair.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	manifest	manifest	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
10	affection	affection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	teasing	teasing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	pulling	pulling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **manifest** | present | certain children | affection |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent affection=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | of teasing or the pulling of hair | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **pull** |  |  | hair |  |  |  |  | nom pulling «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They have been instructed so to act by adults

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily:e1:o1:1
# text = They have been instructed so to act by adults
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	instructed	instruct	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	adults	adult	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **instruct** *speech: other* | present · perfect · passive |  | They |  |  |  |  | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **act** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | by adults | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They intend to cause the other child lasting distress and unhappiness

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily:e1:o2:1
# text = They intend to cause the other child lasting distress and unhappiness
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	intend	intend	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	lasting	last	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	unhappiness	unhappiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **intend** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cause** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the other child |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition child=Patient |
| 3 | **last** | gerund | the other child *not said here* | distress and unhappiness |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme distress=Value |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Such conduct is a recognised token of courtesy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily:e1:o3:1
# text = Such conduct is a recognised token of courtesy
1	Such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	token	token	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recognise** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Such conduct | a recognised token |  |  |  | of courtesy | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They lack the words to express the sentiment and feel embarrassed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily:e1:o4:1
# text = They lack the words to express the sentiment and feel embarrassed
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	express	express	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sentiment	sentiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	embarrassed	embarrassed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lack** | present | They | the words |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **express** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the sentiment |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sentiment=Theme |
| 3 | **feel** | present | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | embarrassed *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: [Ponytail tugging: crushes shown clumsily, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/387-ponytail-tugging-crushes-shown-clumsily/e2/)
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