---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Time, routines and sleep · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the functions of sleep? Exam question 1 of lesson 39 «Time, routines and sleep» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Time, routines and sleep

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the functions of sleep?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** functions

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 39 «Time, routines and sleep» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/39-time-and-routines/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:39-time-and-routines:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the functions of sleep?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	functions	function	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the functions of sleep |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sleep is required only by small children

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:39-time-and-routines:e1:o1:1
# text = Sleep is required only by small children
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive | small children | Sleep |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During sleep the body grows and repairs itself and the brain stores what has been learned

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:39-time-and-routines:e1:o2:1
# text = During sleep the body grows and repairs itself and the brain stores what has been learned
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	repairs	repair	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stores	store	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	16	obj	_	_
14	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the body |  |  |  | during sleep |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **repair** | present | the body *not said here* | body |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient |
| 3 | **store** | present | the brain |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **learn** | present · perfect · passive | the brain *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: what=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sleep serves only to rest the eyes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:39-time-and-routines:e1:o3:1
# text = Sleep serves only to rest the eyes
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	serves	serve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | present | Sleep |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rest** | to-infinitive | Sleep *not said here* | the eyes |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location eye=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During sleep the body and brain cease all activity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:39-time-and-routines:e1:o4:1
# text = During sleep the body and brain cease all activity
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	cease	cease	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cease** | present | the body and brain | all activity |  |  | during sleep |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality activity=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Time, routines and sleep, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/39-time-and-routines/t19/)
- next →: [Time, routines and sleep, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/39-time-and-routines/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Time, routines and sleep](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/39-time-and-routines/)