---
title: Identify the principal reason, as established in classroom discussio… — Showing off · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason, as established in classroom discussion, for which children engage in showing off. Exam question 1 of lesson 390 «Showing off» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Showing off

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason, as established in classroom discussion, for which children engage in showing off.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, children · **What happens:** identify, establish, engage, show off · **To what, where:** principal reason, classroom discussion

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 390 «Showing off» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/390-showing-off/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:390-showing-off:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason, as established in classroom discussion, for which children engage in showing off.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	discussion	discussion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
14	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	engage	engage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
16	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
17	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  | classroom discussion |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **engage** | present | children |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-2 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **show off** | gerund | children *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A wish to incur punishment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:390-showing-off:e1:o1:1
# text = A wish to incur punishment
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wish	wish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	incur	incur	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **incur** | to-infinitive |  | punishment |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An absence of any motive whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:390-showing-off:e1:o2:1
# text = An absence of any motive whatsoever
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	absence	absence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	motive	motive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **absent** |  |  | any motive |  |  |  |  | nom absence «state transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A desire to be liked or noticed by others

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:390-showing-off:e1:o3:1
# text = A desire to be liked or noticed by others
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	liked	like	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF» |
| 2 | **notice** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by others | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A desire to injure themselves deliberately

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:390-showing-off:e1:o4:1
# text = A desire to injure themselves deliberately
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	injure	injure	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
6	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **injure** | to-infinitive |  | themselves *= they* |  |  |  | deliberately *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Showing off, test 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/390-showing-off/t10/)
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