---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a gathering of onlookers ten… — Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a gathering of onlookers tends to prolong a physical altercation. Exam question 1 of lesson 393 «Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and the ones who help» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question an
---

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# Exam question 1 · Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and the ones who help

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a gathering of onlookers tends to prolong a physical altercation.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, gathering · **What happens:** identify, tend, prolong · **To what, where:** principal reason, physical altercation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 393 «Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and the ones who help» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/393-bystanders/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a gathering of onlookers tends to prolong a physical altercation.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gathering	gathering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	onlookers	onlooker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	tends	tend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	prolong	prolong	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	altercation	altercation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **tend** | present | a gathering of onlookers |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason | tree rules |
| 3 | **prolong** | to-infinitive | a gathering of onlookers *not said here* | a physical altercation |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent altercation=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The onlookers invariably join the altercation themselves

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e1:o1:1
# text = The onlookers invariably join the altercation themselves
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	onlookers	onlooker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	altercation	altercation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | present | the onlookers | the altercation |  |  |  | invariably *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The onlookers summon assistance too promptly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e1:o2:1
# text = The onlookers summon assistance too promptly
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	onlookers	onlooker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	summon	summon	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	assistance	assistance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	promptly	promptly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **summon** | present | the onlookers | assistance |  |  |  | promptly *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assistance=Recipient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The participants are reluctant to withdraw before an audience

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e1:o3:1
# text = The participants are reluctant to withdraw before an audience
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	reluctant	reluctant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	withdraw	withdraw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	before	before	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the participants |  |  |  |  | reluctant *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **withdraw** | to-infinitive | the participants *not said here* |  |  |  | before a audience |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An audience has no bearing upon the participants whatsoever

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e1:o4:1
# text = An audience has no bearing upon the participants whatsoever
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	audience	audience	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	bearing	bearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	participants	participant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a audience | no bearing |  |  |  | upon the participants; whatsoever *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bearing=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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