---
title: It is given that a pupil was injured upon striking his head against… — Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and t… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a pupil was injured upon striking his head against a kerb. State the conclusion consistent with the established facts concerning bystanders who cheered. Exam question 4 of lesson 393 «Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and the ones who help» of the everyday course of Mova's primary sc
---

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# Exam question 4 · Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and the ones who help

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a pupil was injured upon striking his head against a kerb. State the conclusion consistent with the established facts concerning bystanders who cheered.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** pupil, you, concerning bystanders · **What happens:** give, be, strike, state, establish, cheer · **To what, where:** It, head, conclusion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 393 «Bystanders: the crowd, the phone and the ones who help» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/393-bystanders/#e4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a pupil was injured upon striking his head against a kerb.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e4:1
# text = It is given that a pupil was injured upon striking his head against a kerb.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	injured	injured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
9	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	striking	strike	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	kerb	kerb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | a pupil |  |  |  |  | injured *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **strike** | gerund | a pupil *not said here* | pupil's head |  |  |  | against a kerb | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent head=Instrument against kerb=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* State the conclusion consistent with the established facts concerning bystanders who cheered.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e4:2
# text = State the conclusion consistent with the established facts concerning bystanders who cheered.
1	State	state	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concerning	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	bystanders	bystander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the conclusion |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent conclusion=Topic |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **cheer** | past | concerning bystanders |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They bear no connection whatever to the harm that occurred

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e4:o1:1
# text = They bear no connection whatever to the harm that occurred
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bear	bear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	connection	connection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	occurred	occur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** | present | They | no connection |  |  |  | to the harm | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent connection=Beneficiary whatever=Patient |
| 2 | **occur** | past | the harm |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are exempt from blame because they did not themselves strike a blow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e4:o2:1
# text = They are exempt from blame because they did not themselves strike a blow
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	exempt	exempt	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	blame	blame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	nsubj	_	_
11	strike	strike	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	blow	blow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  | blame |  | exempt *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **strike** | past · do-support | they | a blow |  |  |  |  | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their encouragement formed part of the conduct that led to the harm

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e4:o3:1
# text = Their encouragement formed part of the conduct that led to the harm
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	encouragement	encouragement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	formed	form	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	harm	harm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | past | Their encouragement | part of the conduct |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location part=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | past | the conduct |  |  |  |  | to the harm | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to harm=Patient |
| 3 | **encourage** |  | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom encouragement «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They acted as neutral observers only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:393-bystanders:e4:o4:1
# text = They acted as neutral observers only
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	acted	act	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	neutral	neutral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	observers	observer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **act** | past | They |  |  |  |  | as neutral observers | vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as observer=Attribute |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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