---
title: Identify the principal reason for which frightening images are retai… — Nightmares after a scary game · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which frightening images are retained in memory with particular persistence. Exam question 1 of lesson 402 «Nightmares after a scary game» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mo
---

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# Exam question 1 · Nightmares after a scary game

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which frightening images are retained in memory with particular persistence.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, retain · **To what, where:** principal reason, frightening images, memory

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 402 «Nightmares after a scary game» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which frightening images are retained in memory with particular persistence.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	frightening	frightening	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	persistence	persistence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **retain** | present · passive |  | frightening images |  | memory |  | for the principal reason; with particular persistence | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brain attends strongly to perceived danger, a disposition which assisted survival

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures:e1:o1:1
# text = The brain attends strongly to perceived danger, a disposition which assisted survival
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attends	attend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	disposition	disposition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	assisted	assist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	survival	survival	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attend** | present | the brain |  |  |  |  | to perceived danger; strongly *property* | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to danger=Theme |
| 2 | **perceive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **assist** | past | a disposition | survival |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent survival=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The images are permanently recorded upon the retina

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures:e1:o2:1
# text = The images are permanently recorded upon the retina
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	permanently	permanently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | present · passive |  | the images |  | the retina |  | permanently *property* | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme upon retina=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Screens emit signals which imprint images upon the brain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures:e1:o3:1
# text = Screens emit signals which imprint images upon the brain
1	Screens	screen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	emit	emit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	5	det	_	_
5	imprint	imprint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	images	image	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **emit** | present | Screens | signals |  |  |  | upon the brain | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source signal=Theme |
| 2 | **image** | present | which imprint |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only individuals of weak character retain such images

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures:e1:o4:1
# text = Only individuals of weak character retain such images
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	individuals	individual	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	weak	weak	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	retain	retain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | present | individuals of weak character | such images |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Nightmares after a scary game, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/402-nightmares-and-scary-pictures/t11/)
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