---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Crossing the road · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the stopping of a moving car? Exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Crossing the road» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Crossing the road

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the stopping of a moving car?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, move · **To what, where:** stopping

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 41 «Crossing the road» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/41-crossing-the-road/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:41-crossing-the-road:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the stopping of a moving car?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stopping	stopping	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	amod	_	_
14	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the stopping of a moving car |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A car cannot stop at once, and the greater its speed the longer it requires to stop

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:41-crossing-the-road:e1:o1:1
# text = A car cannot stop at once, and the greater its speed the longer it requires to stop
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	parataxis	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	17	advmod	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **stop** | can | a car |  |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at once=Location |
| 2 | **require** | present | speed |  |  |  |  | long *property* | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition |
| 3 | **stop** | to-infinitive | speed *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A car stops instantly whenever its brakes are applied

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:41-crossing-the-road:e1:o2:1
# text = A car stops instantly whenever its brakes are applied
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	instantly	instantly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	whenever	whenever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | present | a car |  |  |  |  | instantly *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **apply** | present · passive |  | car's brakes |  |  |  | whenever *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Faster cars require less distance to stop

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:41-crossing-the-road:e1:o3:1
# text = Faster cars require less distance to stop
1	Faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | Faster cars | less distance |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme distance=Precondition |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Faster cars *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speed makes no difference whatsoever to the distance which a moving car requires to stop

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:41-crossing-the-road:e1:o4:1
# text = Speed makes no difference whatsoever to the distance which a moving car requires to stop
1	Speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	difference	difference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Speed | no difference |  |  |  | to the distance; whatsoever *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset difference=Product |
| 2 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **require** | present | a moving car | the distance |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent which=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **stop** | to-infinitive | a moving car *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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