---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Traffic lights, crossings and parked c… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a flashing hand or countdown signal in the United States? Exam question 1 of lesson 42 «Traffic lights, crossings and parked cars» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

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# Exam question 1 · Traffic lights, crossings and parked cars

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a flashing hand or countdown signal in the United States?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, flash · **To what, where:** significance

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 42 «Traffic lights, crossings and parked cars» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the significance of a flashing hand or countdown signal in the United States?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	significance	significance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	amod	_	_
14	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	countdown	countdown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the significance of a flashing hand or countdown signal in the United States |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **flash** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pedestrian must not commence crossing, but may complete a crossing already begun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars:e1:o1:1
# text = A pedestrian must not commence crossing, but may complete a crossing already begun
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	commence	commence	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	complete	complete	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	crossing	crossing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	already	already	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	begun	begin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **commence** | must | a pedestrian |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cross** | gerund | a pedestrian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **complete** | may | a pedestrian *not said here* | a crossing |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crossing=Eventuality |
| 4 | **begin** | participle | a pedestrian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pedestrian must run back to the kerb

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars:e1:o2:1
# text = A pedestrian must run back to the kerb
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	kerb	kerb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run back** | must | a pedestrian |  |  |  |  | to the kerb *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to kerb=Result |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pedestrian may commence crossing at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars:e1:o3:1
# text = A pedestrian may commence crossing at once
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	commence	commence	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	crossing	cross	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **commence** | may | a pedestrian |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **cross** | gerund | a pedestrian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pedestrian must stop in the middle of the road and await the next green signal before continuing

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars:e1:o4:1
# text = A pedestrian must stop in the middle of the road and await the next green signal before continuing
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pedestrian	pedestrian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	await	await	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
15	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	signal	signal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
17	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
18	continuing	continue	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | must | a pedestrian |  |  | the middle of the road |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in middle=Location |
| 2 | **await** | infinitive | a pedestrian *not said here* | the next green signal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **continue** | gerund | a pedestrian *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Traffic lights, crossings and parked c…, test 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars/t19/)
- next →: [Traffic lights, crossings and parked c…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/42-lights-crossings-and-parked-cars/e2/)
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