---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — The broken window and other hidden acc… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of damage to an animal which was absent at the material time? Exam question 3 of lesson 428 «The broken window and other hidden accidents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pra
---

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# Exam question 3 · The broken window and other hidden accidents

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of damage to an animal which was absent at the material time?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** animal · **What happens:** follow, characteris, be, attribute · **To what, where:** attribution, damage

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 428 «The broken window and other hidden accidents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the attribution of damage to an animal which was absent at the material time?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	attribution	attribution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	at	at	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the attribution of damage |  |  |  | of the following statements; to a animal; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | a animal |  |  |  | time | absent *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **attribute** |  |  | damage |  |  |  |  | nom attribution «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an acceptable explanation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents:e3:o1:1
# text = It is an acceptable explanation
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a acceptable explanation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a false accusation readily disproved by the facts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents:e3:o2:1
# text = It is a false accusation readily disproved by the facts
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	accusation	accusation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	readily	readily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	disproved	disprove	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a false accusation |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **disprove** | participle |  | a false accusation *not said here* |  |  |  | by the facts; readily *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It removes all responsibility from the child

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents:e3:o3:1
# text = It removes all responsibility from the child
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	removes	remove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	4	det	_	_
4	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remove** | present | It | all responsibility |  |  |  | from the child | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent responsibility=Theme from child=Source |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is honest provided the animal is frequently mischievous

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents:e3:o4:1
# text = It is honest provided the animal is frequently mischievous
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	csubj	_	_
4	provided	provide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	mischievous	mischievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | honest *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **provide** | participle |  | the animal |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition animal=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | frequently, mischievous *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [The broken window and other hidden acc…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/428-the-broken-window-and-other-hidden-accidents/e2/)
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