---
title: It being given that a school bus in the United States displays flash… — Buses, trains and being seen · tree and pragmatics
description: It being given that a school bus in the United States displays flashing red lights and its stop arm, determine the obligation of other traffic. Exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Buses, trains and being seen» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the 
---

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# Exam question 2 · Buses, trains and being seen

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It being given that a school bus in the United States displays flashing red lights and its stop arm, determine the obligation of other traffic.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** school bus · **What happens:** give, display, flash, determine, obligate · **To what, where:** It, red lights, obligation, other traffic

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 43 «Buses, trains and being seen» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/43-buses-trains-and-being-seen/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:43-buses-trains-and-being-seen:e2:1
# text = It being given that a school bus in the United States displays flashing red lights and its stop arm, determine the obligation of other traffic.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	United	United	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	States	State	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	displays	display	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
13	flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	xcomp	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	determine	determine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	obligation	obligation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | gerund · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **display** | present | a school bus in the United States |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **flash** | gerund | a school bus in the United States *not said here* | red lights and bus's stop arm |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 4 | **determine** | infinitive |  | the obligation of other traffic |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Topic |
| 5 | **obligate** |  |  | other traffic |  |  |  |  | nom obligation «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Other traffic must stop

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:43-buses-trains-and-being-seen:e2:o1:1
# text = Other traffic must stop
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | must | Other traffic |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Other traffic must sound the horn

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:43-buses-trains-and-being-seen:e2:o2:1
# text = Other traffic must sound the horn
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	sound	sound	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | must | Other traffic | the horn |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location horn=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Other traffic may pass at reduced speed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:43-buses-trains-and-being-seen:e2:o3:1
# text = Other traffic may pass at reduced speed
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** | may | Other traffic |  |  | reduced speed |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at speed=Location |
| 2 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Other traffic may continue if no child is visible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:43-buses-trains-and-being-seen:e2:o4:1
# text = Other traffic may continue if no child is visible
1	Other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	continue	continue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **continue** | may | Other traffic |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | no child |  |  |  |  | visible *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Buses, trains and being seen, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/43-buses-trains-and-being-seen/e1/)
- next →: [Buses, trains and being seen, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/43-buses-trains-and-being-seen/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Buses, trains and being seen](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/43-buses-trains-and-being-seen/)