---
title: Determine which of the following does NOT constitute covering for a… — Covering for a friend · tree and pragmatics
description: Determine which of the following does NOT constitute covering for a friend. Exam question 4 of lesson 436 «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 4 · Covering for a friend

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Determine which of the following does NOT constitute covering for a friend.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** determine, follow, not constitute, cover

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 436 «Covering for a friend» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend:e4:1
# text = Determine which of the following does NOT constitute covering for a friend.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	NOT	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	constitute	constitute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	ccomp	_	_
9	covering	cover	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **constitute** | present · do-support |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **cover** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for a friend | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The denial of misconduct which the pupil has himself witnessed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend:e4:o1:1
# text = The denial of misconduct which the pupil has himself witnessed
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	denial	denial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	misconduct	misconduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	8	obj	_	_
10	witnessed	witness	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **witness** | present · perfect · passive |  | the denial of misconduct |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **deny** |  |  | misconduct |  |  |  |  | nom denial «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The provision of a false account of a friend's whereabouts

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend:e4:o2:1
# text = The provision of a false account of a friend's whereabouts
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	provision	provision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	false	false	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	whereabouts	whereabouts	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** |  | a false account of a friend's whereabouts |  |  |  |  |  | nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 2 | **account** |  |  | a friend's whereabouts |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lending of one's own equipment at one's own cost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend:e4:o3:1
# text = The lending of one's own equipment at one's own cost
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lending	lending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	equipment	equipment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
9	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** |  | one |  |  |  |  |  | nom cost «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The assertion that a friend's copied work was done jointly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:436-covering-for-a-friend:e4:o4:1
# text = The assertion that a friend's copied work was done jointly
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	assertion	assertion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	copied	copy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl:relcl	_	_
11	jointly	jointly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **do** | past · passive | the assertion *not said here* | a friend's copied work |  |  |  | jointly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **work** |  | a friend |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Covering for a friend, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/e3/)
- next →: [When not to keep a friend's secret, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Covering for a friend](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/436-covering-for-a-friend/)