---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — When not to keep a friend's secret · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a surprise and a secret which ought to be disclosed? Exam question 1 of lesson 437 «When not to keep a friend's secret» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of 
---

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# Exam question 1 · When not to keep a friend's secret

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a surprise and a secret which ought to be disclosed?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, disclose · **To what, where:** distinction

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 437 «When not to keep a friend's secret» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between a surprise and a secret which ought to be disclosed?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	aux:pass	_	_
21	disclosed	disclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distinction and a secret |  |  |  | of the following statements; between a surprise; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **disclose** | ought · passive |  | the distinction and a secret |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A surprise is temporary and occasions pleasure; a secret occasioning fear or distress ought to be disclosed

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret:e1:o1:1
# text = A surprise is temporary and occasions pleasure; a secret occasioning fear or distress ought to be disclosed
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	temporary	temporary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	occasions	occasion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	pleasure	pleasure	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	occasioning	occasion	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	ought	ought	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	disclosed	disclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a surprise |  |  |  |  | temporary *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pleasure** | present | occasions |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **occasion** | gerund | a secret *not said here* | fear or distress |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **disclose** | ought · passive |  | a secret |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All secrets are to be preserved without exception, whatever their content

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret:e1:o2:1
# text = All secrets are to be preserved without exception, whatever their content
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	secrets	secret	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	exception	exception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	appos	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	content	content	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **preserve** | present · passive |  | all secrets |  |  |  | without exception | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No distinction exists between them, both being forms of concealment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret:e1:o3:1
# text = No distinction exists between them, both being forms of concealment
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	exists	exist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
9	forms	form	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	concealment	concealment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | no distinction |  |  |  |  | between them *= they* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between they=Location |
| 2 | **is a** | gerund |  | both forms |  |  |  | of concealment | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All surprises are to be disclosed at once

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:437-when-not-to-keep-a-friends-secret:e1:o4:1
# text = All surprises are to be disclosed at once
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	surprises	surprise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	disclosed	disclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **disclose** | present · passive |  | all surprises |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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