---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an e… — Politicians and promises, as the news… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an electoral promise that was subsequently not fulfilled? Exam question 3 of lesson 442 «Politicians and promises, as the news reports them» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the
---

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# Exam question 3 · Politicians and promises, as the news reports them

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an electoral promise that was subsequently not fulfilled?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, not fulfil · **To what, where:** electoral promise

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 442 «Politicians and promises, as the news reports them» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises an electoral promise that was subsequently not fulfilled?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	electoral	electoral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
14	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	fulfilled	fulfil	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a electoral promise |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **fulfil** | past · passive |  | a electoral promise |  |  |  | subsequently *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It invariably represents a deliberate falsehood, the politician having known from the outset that it could not be kept

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them:e3:o1:1
# text = It invariably represents a deliberate falsehood, the politician having known from the outset that it could not be kept
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	politician	politician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	xcomp	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	outset	outset	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present | It | a deliberate falsehood |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot falsehood=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | the politician *not said here* |  |  | the outset |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | participle | the politician *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **not** **keep** | could · passive |  | falsehood |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It invariably represents an honest failure

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them:e3:o2:1
# text = It invariably represents an honest failure
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	represents	represent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	failure	failure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | present | It | a honest failure |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot failure=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is not a matter that can be examined

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them:e3:o3:1
# text = It is not a matter that can be examined
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	examined	examine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | It | a matter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **examine** | can · passive |  | a matter |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: that=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may represent a deliberate falsehood or a plan that failed, and the matter is frequently disputed

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them:e3:o4:1
# text = It may represent a deliberate falsehood or a plan that failed, and the matter is frequently disputed
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	represent	represent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	failed	fail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
17	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	disputed	dispute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **represent** | may | It | a deliberate falsehood or a plan |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot falsehood=Theme |
| 2 | **fail** | past | a plan |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **dispute** | present · passive |  | the matter |  |  |  | frequently *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Politicians and promises, as the news…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them/e2/)
- next →: [Politicians and promises, as the news…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Politicians and promises, as the news reports them](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/442-politicians-and-promises-as-the-news-reports-them/)