---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a trade proposed by an older… — The older kid's «trade» · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a trade proposed by an older child as being of much greater value should arouse suspicion. Exam question 1 of lesson 445 «The older kid's «trade»» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of e
---

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# Exam question 1 · The older kid's «trade»

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a trade proposed by an older child as being of much greater value should arouse suspicion.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, trade · **What happens:** identify, propose, be, arouse · **To what, where:** principal reason, trade, suspicion

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 445 «The older kid's «trade»» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/445-the-older-kids-trade/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a trade proposed by an older child as being of much greater value should arouse suspicion.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
9	proposed	propose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	13	amod	_	_
13	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
15	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	much	much	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	greater	great	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
20	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	arouse	arouse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
22	suspicion	suspicion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **propose** | participle |  | a trade *not said here* |  |  |  | by a older child | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | as greater value | tree rules |
| 4 | **arouse** | should | a trade | suspicion |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus suspicion=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Valuable articles are never traded

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e1:o1:1
# text = Valuable articles are never traded
1	Valuable	valuable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	articles	article	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	traded	trade	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **trade** | present · passive |  | Valuable articles |  |  |  |  | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger children always gain by such trades, older children being generous

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e1:o2:1
# text = Younger children always gain by such trades, older children being generous
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	4	advmod	_	_
4	gain	gain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	trades	trade	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	cop	_	_
12	generous	generous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gain** | present | Younger children |  |  |  |  | by such trades; always *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | gerund | older children | such trades *not said here* |  |  |  | generous *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Older children are prohibited from trading

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e1:o3:1
# text = Older children are prohibited from trading
1	Older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	prohibited	prohibit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	trading	trading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prohibit** | present · passive |  | Older children |  | trading |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Beneficiary from trading=Eventuality |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The article offered may be counterfeit, defective or stolen

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e1:o4:1
# text = The article offered may be counterfeit, defective or stolen
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	article	article	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	offered	offer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl	_	_
4	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	counterfeit	counterfeit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	defective	defective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | past | the article *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | may | the article | counterfeit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **steal** | participle | the article *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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