---
title: Determine which of the following measures most effectively prevents… — The older kid's «trade» · tree and pragmatics
description: Determine which of the following measures most effectively prevents deception through imprecise wording. Exam question 4 of lesson 445 «The older kid's «trade»» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Exam question 4 · The older kid's «trade»

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Determine which of the following measures most effectively prevents deception through imprecise wording.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** determine, follow, measure, prevent · **To what, where:** deception, imprecise wording

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This is exam question 4 of lesson 445 «The older kid's «trade»» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/445-the-older-kids-trade/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e4:1
# text = Determine which of the following measures most effectively prevents deception through imprecise wording.
1	Determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	nsubj	_	_
6	measures	measure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
7	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	8	advmod	_	_
8	effectively	effectively	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	prevents	prevent	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	deception	deception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	imprecise	imprecise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wording	wording	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **measure** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **prevent** | present |  | deception |  | imprecise wording |  | effectively *property* | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer deception=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Completing one's obligations with maximum speed, before the agreement can be altered

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e4:o1:1
# text = Completing one's obligations with maximum speed, before the agreement can be altered
1	Completing	complete	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	csubj:pass	_	_
2	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	obligations	obligation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	maximum	maximum	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	altered	alter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complete** | gerund |  | one's obligations |  |  | before the agreement | with maximum speed | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent obligation=Eventuality |
| 2 | **alter** | can · passive | Completing |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |
| 3 | **obligate** |  | one |  |  |  |  |  | nom obligation «act transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Declining to ask questions of the other party

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e4:o2:1
# text = Declining to ask questions of the other party
1	Declining	decline	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decline** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  | questions of the other party |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient |
| 3 | **question** |  |  | the other party |  |  |  |  | nom question «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stating aloud the exact terms of the agreement before accepting it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e4:o3:1
# text = Stating aloud the exact terms of the agreement before accepting it
1	Stating	state	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	terms	term	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	accepting	accept	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** *speech: other* | gerund |  | the exact terms of the agreement |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent term=Topic |
| 2 | **accept** | gerund |  | agreement |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **term** |  |  | the agreement |  |  |  |  | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Accepting any agreement offered by a relative

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:445-the-older-kids-trade:e4:o4:1
# text = Accepting any agreement offered by a relative
1	Accepting	accept	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
2	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	relative	relative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accept** | gerund |  | any agreement |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent agreement=Theme |
| 2 | **offer** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a relative | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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