---
title: Josh: «fell off the swing — no, the stairs — no, Leo pushed me». Wha… — Stories that change · tree and pragmatics
description: Josh: «fell off the swing — no, the stairs — no, Leo pushed me». What's the kind next step? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 449 «Stories that change» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 7 · ★ · Stories that change

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Josh: «fell off the swing — no, the stairs — no, Leo pushed me». What's the kind next step?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Josh, Leo, kind next step · **What happens:** fall off, push, be · **To what, where:** swing, me

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This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 449 «Stories that change» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/449-stories-that-change/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Josh: «fell off the swing — no, the stairs — no, Leo pushed me».

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:449-stories-that-change:t7:1
# text = Josh: «fell off the swing — no, the stairs — no, Leo pushed me».
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stairs	stair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
13	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	17	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall off** *in a quote* | past | Josh | the swing |  |  |  | the stairs *obl* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient swing=Extent |
| 2 | **push** *in a quote* | past | Leo | me |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the kind next step?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:449-stories-that-change:t7:2
# text = What's the kind next step?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the kind next step |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Laugh at him for lying so badly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:449-stories-that-change:t7:o1:1
# text = Laugh at him for lying so badly
1	Laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obl	_	_
4	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **laugh** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at him *= he* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lie** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Believe the first story he told

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:449-stories-that-change:t7:o2:1
# text = Believe the first story he told
1	Believe	believe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | imperative | you *not said here* | the first story |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | he | the first story *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ground him for a month without asking anything

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:449-stories-that-change:t7:o3:1
# text = Ground him for a month without asking anything
1	Ground	ground	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
8	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ground** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | him *= he* |  | month |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V ADVP»: agent=Theme he=Destination |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | you *not said here* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anything=Recipient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask gently what really happened

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:449-stories-that-change:t7:o4:1
# text = Ask gently what really happened
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
4	really	really	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	happened	happen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | gently *property* | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **happen** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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