---
title: Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights. How should sh… — How best friends start · tree and pragmatics
description: Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights. How should she judge him? Test 8 of lesson 461 «How best friends start» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 8 · How best friends start

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights. How should she judge him?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** mum, Jake, Sam · **What happens:** not be, fight, judge · **To what, where:** Jake

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This is test 8 of lesson 461 «How best friends start» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/461-how-best-friends-start/#t8).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:461-how-best-friends-start:t8:1
# text = Sam's mum isn't sure about Jake because of his fights.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Jake	Jake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	fights	fight	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | Sam's mum |  |  |  |  | about Jake; because Jake's fights; sure *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **fight** |  | Jake |  |  |  |  |  | nom fight «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How should she judge him?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:461-how-best-friends-start:t8:2
# text = How should she judge him?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **judge** | should | Sam | Jake |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent he=Value |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the size of his house

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:461-how-best-friends-start:t8:o1:1
# text = By the size of his house
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only by his reputation

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:461-how-best-friends-start:t8:o2:1
# text = Only by his reputation
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	reputation	reputation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repute** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom reputation «state transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By what his trainers cost

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:461-how-best-friends-start:t8:o3:1
# text = By what his trainers cost
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	trainers	trainer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | his trainers |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By how he treats Sam

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:461-how-best-friends-start:t8:o4:1
# text = By how he treats Sam
1	By	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	treats	treat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | present | he |  | Sam |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sam=Recipient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [How best friends start, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/461-how-best-friends-start/t7/)
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