---
title: Identify the principal constituents of a genuine apology as establis… — Saying sorry, and the sorry that is no… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal constituents of a genuine apology as established in the lesson. Exam question 1 of lesson 477 «Saying sorry, and the sorry that is not accepted» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Saying sorry, and the sorry that is not accepted

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal constituents of a genuine apology as established in the lesson.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, establish · **To what, where:** principal constituents, lesson

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 477 «Saying sorry, and the sorry that is not accepted» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/477-saying-sorry-and-the-sorry-that-is-not-accepted/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:477-saying-sorry-and-the-sorry-that-is-not-accepted:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal constituents of a genuine apology as established in the lesson.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	constituents	constituent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	genuine	genuine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	apology	apology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal constituents of a genuine apology |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent constituent=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle | you *not said here* |  |  | the lesson |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Direct address, a statement of the act and an acknowledgement of its wrongness

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:477-saying-sorry-and-the-sorry-that-is-not-accepted:e1:o1:1
# text = Direct address, a statement of the act and an acknowledgement of its wrongness
1	Direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	address	address	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	acknowledgement	acknowledgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	wrongness	wrongness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **state** |  |  | the act and a acknowledgement of acknowledgement's wrongness |  |  |  |  | nom statement «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brief utterance delivered at the instruction of a parent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:477-saying-sorry-and-the-sorry-that-is-not-accepted:e1:o2:1
# text = A brief utterance delivered at the instruction of a parent
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	brief	brief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	utterance	utterance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deliver** | participle |  | a brief utterance *not said here* |  | the instruction of a parent |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **instruct** |  |  | a parent |  |  |  |  | nom instruction «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gift of value accompanied by a smile

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:477-saying-sorry-and-the-sorry-that-is-not-accepted:e1:o3:1
# text = A gift of value accompanied by a smile
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gift	gift	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	value	value	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	accompanied	accompany	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	smile	smile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accompany** | participle |  | a gift of value *not said here* |  |  |  | by a smile | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by smile=Destination |
| 2 | **gift** |  |  | value |  |  |  |  | nom gift «possession transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statement regretting the other party's emotional response

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:477-saying-sorry-and-the-sorry-that-is-not-accepted:e1:o4:1
# text = A statement regretting the other party's emotional response
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statement	statement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	regretting	regret	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	emotional	emotional	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **regret** | gerund | a statement *not said here* | the other party's emotional response |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer response=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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