---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a tr… — What a real friend is · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a true friend as defined in the lesson? Exam question 1 of lesson 485 «What a real friend is» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 1 · What a real friend is

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a true friend as defined in the lesson?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, define · **To what, where:** true friend, lesson

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 485 «What a real friend is» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/485-what-a-real-friend-is/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:485-what-a-real-friend-is:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a true friend as defined in the lesson?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	defined	define	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | a true friend |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **define** | participle |  |  |  | the lesson |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One who agrees invariably with every opinion expressed, in public and in private

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:485-what-a-real-friend-is:e1:o1:1
# text = One who agrees invariably with every opinion expressed, in public and in private
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	agrees	agree	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	expressed	express	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | present | One |  |  |  |  | with every opinion; invariably *property* | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with opinion=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **express** | participle |  | every opinion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One who attends in need, keeps confidences, apologises sincerely and is consistent in public and private

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:485-what-a-real-friend-is:e1:o2:1
# text = One who attends in need, keeps confidences, apologises sincerely and is consistent in public and private
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	attends	attend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	confidences	confidence	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	apologises	apologise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	sincerely	sincerely	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	obl	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attend** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in need | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in need=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present |  | confidences |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent confidence=Theme |
| 3 | **apologise** *speech: apologize* | present |  |  |  |  |  | sincerely *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  | public |  | consistent *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One who supplies the most numerous and costly gifts and is admired by the greatest number of peers

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:485-what-a-real-friend-is:e1:o3:1
# text = One who supplies the most numerous and costly gifts and is admired by the greatest number of peers
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	supplies	supply	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	numerous	numerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	gifts	gift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	admired	admire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	greatest	great	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	16	amod	_	_
16	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	peers	peer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **supply** | present | One | the numerous gifts |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gift=Recipient |
| 2 | **admire** | present · passive | the greatest number of peers |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One who resides in closest proximity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:485-what-a-real-friend-is:e1:o4:1
# text = One who resides in closest proximity
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	resides	reside	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	proximity	proximity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reside** | present |  |  |  | closest proximity |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in proximity=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [What a real friend is, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/485-what-a-real-friend-is/t12/)
- next →: [What a real friend is, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/485-what-a-real-friend-is/e2/)
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