---
title: Whereas a helmet has sustained a hard impact in a crash, determine t… — Riding a bike or a scooter safely · tree and pragmatics
description: Whereas a helmet has sustained a hard impact in a crash, determine the appropriate course of action. Exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Riding a bike or a scooter safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's cho
---

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# Exam question 4 · Riding a bike or a scooter safely

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Whereas a helmet has sustained a hard impact in a crash, determine the appropriate course of action.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** sustain, determine · **To what, where:** helmet, appropriate course

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 5 «Riding a bike or a scooter safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/5-bikes-and-scooters/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:5-bikes-and-scooters:e4:1
# text = Whereas a helmet has sustained a hard impact in a crash, determine the appropriate course of action.
1	Whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	sustained	sustain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	impact	impact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	crash	crash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
13	determine	determine	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sustain** | present · perfect · passive |  | a helmet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **determine** | imperative | you *not said here* | the appropriate course of action |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent course=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may be retained provided no crack be visible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:5-bikes-and-scooters:e4:o1:1
# text = It may be retained provided no crack be visible
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	retained	retain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
5	provided	provide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | may · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **provide** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn ensure-99 «NP V that S»: agent=Precondition |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive | no crack |  |  |  |  | visible *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It should be replaced, even though no damage be visible

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:5-bikes-and-scooters:e4:o2:1
# text = It should be replaced, even though no damage be visible
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	replaced	replace	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
7	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **replace** | should · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | no damage |  |  |  |  | visible *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It should be repainted and thereafter worn as before

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:5-bikes-and-scooters:e4:o3:1
# text = It should be repainted and thereafter worn as before
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	repainted	repaint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	thereafter	thereafter	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	before	before	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repaint** | should · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | before, thereafter *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It should be worn more loosely in future

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:5-bikes-and-scooters:e4:o4:1
# text = It should be worn more loosely in future
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	loosely	loosely	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | should · passive |  | It |  | future |  | loosely *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Riding a bike or a scooter safely, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/5-bikes-and-scooters/e3/)
- next →: [Skating and sports safety, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/6-skating-and-sports-safety/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Riding a bike or a scooter safely](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/5-bikes-and-scooters/)