---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Siblings as best mates and as rivals · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the voluntary assumption, by one sibling, of blame for an act committed by another? Exam question 1 of lesson 507 «Siblings as best mates and as rivals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragm
---

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# Exam question 1 · Siblings as best mates and as rivals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the voluntary assumption, by one sibling, of blame for an act committed by another?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, commit · **To what, where:** voluntary assumption, act

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 507 «Siblings as best mates and as rivals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/507-siblings-as-best-mates-and-as-rivals/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:507-siblings-as-best-mates-and-as-rivals:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the voluntary assumption, by one sibling, of blame for an act committed by another?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	voluntary	voluntary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	assumption	assumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	sibling	sibling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	blame	blame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
19	for	for	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	committed	commit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	acl	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the voluntary assumption |  |  |  | of the following statements; by one sibling; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **commit** | participle |  | a act *not said here* |  |  |  | by another | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a falsehood and impedes fair judgement

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:507-siblings-as-best-mates-and-as-rivals:e1:o1:1
# text = It constitutes a falsehood and impedes fair judgement
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	impedes	impede	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	judgement	judgement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a falsehood |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme falsehood=Pivot |
| 2 | **impede** | present |  | fair judgement |  |  |  |  | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer judgement=Eventuality |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is required by every family as a matter of loyalty

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:507-siblings-as-best-mates-and-as-rivals:e1:o2:1
# text = It is required by every family as a matter of loyalty
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive | every family | It |  |  |  | as a matter of loyalty | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **matter** |  | loyalty |  |  |  |  |  | nom matter «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes an admirable and wholly truthful act

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:507-siblings-as-best-mates-and-as-rivals:e1:o3:1
# text = It constitutes an admirable and wholly truthful act
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	admirable	admirable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	wholly	wholly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	truthful	truthful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
8	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a admirable act |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme act=Pivot |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It invariably secures a lighter punishment for both parties

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:507-siblings-as-best-mates-and-as-rivals:e1:o4:1
# text = It invariably secures a lighter punishment for both parties
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	secures	secure	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	lighter	light	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	parties	party	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **secure** | present | It | a lighter punishment |  |  |  | for both parties; invariably *property* | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition punishment=Theme for party=Beneficiary |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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