---
title: Someone says pigs are dirty because they love mud. Which is true? — Allergies, horses and farm animals · tree and pragmatics
description: Someone says pigs are dirty because they love mud. Which is true? Test 7 · ★★ of lesson 67 «Allergies, horses and farm animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 7 · ★★ · Allergies, horses and farm animals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Someone says pigs are dirty because they love mud. Which is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Someone, pigs · **What happens:** say, be, love · **To what, where:** mud · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★★ of lesson 67 «Allergies, horses and farm animals» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Someone says pigs are dirty because they love mud.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals:t7:1
# text = Someone says pigs are dirty because they love mud.
1	Someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
9	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Someone |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | pigs |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **love** | present | pigs *= pig* | mud |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mud=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Which is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals:t7:2
# text = Which is true?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pigs need mud to grow their teeth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals:t7:o1:1
# text = Pigs need mud to grow their teeth
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Pigs | mud |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot mud=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Pigs *not said here* | Pigs's teeth |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tooth=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pigs are clean and clever; mud cools them because they cannot sweat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals:t7:o2:1
# text = Pigs are clean and clever; mud cools them because they cannot sweat
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	clever	clever	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	cools	cool	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	sweat	sweat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Pigs |  |  |  |  | clean *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Pigs *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **cool** | present | mud | Pigs *= pig* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 4 | **not** **sweat** | can | Pigs *= pig* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pigs roll in mud because they enjoy being dirty and smelly all the time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals:t7:o3:1
# text = Pigs roll in mud because they enjoy being dirty and smelly all the time
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	enjoy	enjoy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	cop	_	_
9	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	smelly	smelly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | present | Pigs |  |  | mud | time |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mud=Trajectory |
| 2 | **enjoy** | present | Pigs *= pig* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mud makes pigs smell nice

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:67-allergies-horses-and-farm-animals:t7:o4:1
# text = Mud makes pigs smell nice
1	Mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pigs	pig	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	smell	smell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Mud | pigs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **smell** | infinitive | pigs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | nice *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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