---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Chickens, goats and little creatures · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the wings of a butterfly? Exam question 1 of lesson 68 «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was
---

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# Exam question 1 · Chickens, goats and little creatures

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the wings of a butterfly?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** wings

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 68 «Chickens, goats and little creatures» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the wings of a butterfly?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the wings of a butterfly |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are strong and may be handled freely

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures:e1:o1:1
# text = They are strong and may be handled freely
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	handled	handle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
8	freely	freely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **handle** | may · passive | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | freely *property* | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP» |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are composed of feathers, in the manner of a bird's, and are shed every year

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures:e1:o2:1
# text = They are composed of feathers, in the manner of a bird's, and are shed every year
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	composed	compose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	's	PART	POS	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
18	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
19	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compose** | present · passive |  | They |  | the manner of a bird |  | of feathers | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **shed** | present · passive |  |  |  |  | year |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V» |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They grow back immediately when damaged

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures:e1:o3:1
# text = They grow back immediately when damaged
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	immediately	immediately	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow back** | present | They |  |  |  |  | immediately *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **damage** | participle | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are fragile and covered with tiny scales which rub off when touched

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:68-chickens-goats-and-little-creatures:e1:o4:1
# text = They are fragile and covered with tiny scales which rub off when touched
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	fragile	fragile	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	scales	scale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	rub	rub	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	touched	touch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | They |  |  |  |  | fragile *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle | They *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with tiny scales | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with scale=Theme |
| 3 | **rub off** | present | tiny scales |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **touch** | participle | tiny scales *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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