---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Swimming basics and water confidence · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which drowning commonly occurs? Exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option
---

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# Exam question 2 · Swimming basics and water confidence

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which drowning commonly occurs?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, drown, occur · **To what, where:** manner

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 7 «Swimming basics and water confidence» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/7-swimming-and-water/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:7-swimming-and-water:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the manner in which drowning commonly occurs?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	manner	manner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
13	drowning	drown	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
14	commonly	commonly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the manner |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **drown** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **occur** | present |  |  |  |  |  | commonly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It requires a period of many minutes to occur

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:7-swimming-and-water:e2:o1:1
# text = It requires a period of many minutes to occur
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	occur	occur	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | It | a period of many minutes |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme period=Precondition |
| 2 | **occur** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurs only in deep water far from the shore

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:7-swimming-and-water:e2:o2:1
# text = It occurs only in deep water far from the shore
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurs	occur	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	shore	shore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | present | It | deep water |  |  |  | far *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is frequently silent and rapid, the person being unable to call out or wave

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:7-swimming-and-water:e2:o3:1
# text = It is frequently silent and rapid, the person being unable to call out or wave
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	frequently	frequently	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	rapid	rapid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	cop	_	_
11	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	call	call	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	wave	wave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | frequently, silent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | the person |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **call out** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | the person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **wave** | infinitive | the person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably accompanied by loud cries for help

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:7-swimming-and-water:e2:o4:1
# text = It is invariably accompanied by loud cries for help
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	accompanied	accompany	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cries	cry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accompany** | present · passive | loud cries | It |  |  |  | for help; invariably *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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