---
title: Pursuant to the observation that a younger sibling copies an older o… — Frustration, loneliness, guilt and liv… · tree and pragmatics
description: Pursuant to the observation that a younger sibling copies an older one, select the explanation consistent with the established facts. Exam question 3 of lesson 94 «Frustration, loneliness, guilt and living with siblings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and p
---

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# Exam question 3 · Frustration, loneliness, guilt and living with siblings

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pursuant to the observation that a younger sibling copies an older one, select the explanation consistent with the established facts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** observation · **What happens:** copy, select, establish · **To what, where:** older one, explanation

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 94 «Frustration, loneliness, guilt and living with siblings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings:e3:1
# text = Pursuant to the observation that a younger sibling copies an older one, select the explanation consistent with the established facts.
1	Pursuant	pursuant	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	observation	observation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	sibling	sibling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	acl	_	_
9	copies	copy	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	explanation	explanation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
21	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present | the observation | a older one |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **select** | infinitive |  | the explanation |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Theme |
| 3 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger siblings copy older ones because they are told to do so

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings:e3:o1:1
# text = Younger siblings copy older ones because they are told to do so
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	copy	copy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	told	tell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present | Younger siblings | older ones |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | siblings *= sibling* |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | siblings *= sibling* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger siblings copy older ones solely in order to annoy them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings:e3:o2:1
# text = Younger siblings copy older ones solely in order to annoy them
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	copy	copy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
8	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	fixed	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	annoy	annoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present | Younger siblings | older ones |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **annoy** | to-infinitive | Younger siblings *not said here* | siblings *= sibling* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus they=Experiencer |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger siblings admire older ones and learn by watching them

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings:e3:o3:1
# text = Younger siblings admire older ones and learn by watching them
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	admire	admire	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admire** | present | Younger siblings | older ones |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus |
| 2 | **learn** | present | Younger siblings *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **watch** | gerund | Younger siblings *not said here* | siblings *= sibling* |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Younger siblings copy older ones only when parents are absent

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings:e3:o4:1
# text = Younger siblings copy older ones only when parents are absent
1	Younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	siblings	sibling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	copy	copy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	absent	absent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present | Younger siblings | older ones |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | parents |  |  |  |  | absent *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Frustration, loneliness, guilt and liv…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings/e2/)
- next →: [Frustration, loneliness, guilt and liv…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Frustration, loneliness, guilt and living with siblings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/94-frustration-loneliness-and-siblings/)