---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — A new baby, looking after siblings and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which a baby cries? Exam question 1 of lesson 95 «A new baby, looking after siblings and living with parents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of
---

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# Exam question 1 · A new baby, looking after siblings and living with parents

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which a baby cries?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** baby · **What happens:** follow, characteris, cry · **To what, where:** reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 95 «A new baby, looking after siblings and living with parents» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/everyday/95-babies-siblings-and-parents/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:95-babies-siblings-and-parents:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the reason for which a baby cries?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the reason |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | a baby |  |  |  |  | for the reason | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for which=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby cries to communicate hunger, tiredness or discomfort, being unable to talk

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:95-babies-siblings-and-parents:e1:o1:1
# text = A baby cries to communicate hunger, tiredness or discomfort, being unable to talk
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	communicate	communicate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	tiredness	tiredness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	discomfort	discomfort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	cop	_	_
13	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	talk	talk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | a baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **communicate** | to-infinitive | a baby *not said here* | hunger and tiredness or discomfort |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hunger=Topic |
| 3 | **is** | gerund | a baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unable *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **talk** | to-infinitive | a baby *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby cries solely in order to annoy the older members of the household

```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:95-babies-siblings-and-parents:e1:o2:1
# text = A baby cries solely in order to annoy the older members of the household
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	annoy	annoy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	_
11	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | a baby |  |  | order |  | solely *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in order=Location |
| 2 | **annoy** | to-infinitive | a baby *not said here* | the older members of the household |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus member=Experiencer |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby cries because it dislikes the persons who are caring for it at the time

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:95-babies-siblings-and-parents:e1:o3:1
# text = A baby cries because it dislikes the persons who are caring for it at the time
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	dislikes	dislike	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	caring	care	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | a baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dislike** | present | baby | the persons |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus |
| 3 | **care** | present · progressive | the persons |  |  |  | time | for baby | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for it=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A baby cries only when it is seriously ill and requires a doctor without any delay at all

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:everyday:95-babies-siblings-and-parents:e1:o4:1
# text = A baby cries only when it is seriously ill and requires a doctor without any delay at all
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	seriously	seriously	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	without	without	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	16	det	_	_
16	delay	delay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | a baby |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | baby |  |  |  |  | ill, seriously *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **require** | present | a baby *not said here* | a doctor |  | all |  | without any delay | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme doctor=Precondition |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [A new baby, looking after siblings and…, test 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/95-babies-siblings-and-parents/t22/)
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