---
title: Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything,… — Le, la, un, une: every word is a boy o… · tree and pragmatics
description: Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything, nae bother." What's the risk? Test 10 · ★★ of lesson 25 «Le, la, un, une: every word is a boy or a girl» of the French course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Test 10 · ★★ · Le, la, un, une: every word is a boy or a girl

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything, nae bother." What's the risk?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cousin, risk · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** le · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 25 «Le, la, un, une: every word is a boy or a girl» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/french/25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything, nae bother."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl:t10:1
# text = Your cousin in Aberdeen says, "Ach, I'll just say le for everything, nae bother."
1	Your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Aberdeen	Aberdeen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Ach	ach	INTJ	UH	_	13	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	just	just	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
14	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	nae	nae	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	bother	bother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Your cousin in Aberdeen |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | future | Your cousin in Aberdeen *= cousin* | le and nae bother |  |  |  | for everything | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent le=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What's the risk?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl:t10:2
# text = What's the risk?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the risk |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No risk, la is only for people's names

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl:t10:o1:1
# text = No risk, la is only for people's names
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	la	la	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	2	conj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | no risk |  |  |  |  | for people's names | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He'd often be wrong, and some words change meaning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl:t10:o2:1
# text = He'd often be wrong, and some words change meaning
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	change	change	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | He |  |  |  |  | often, wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **change** | present | some words | meaning |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No risk, French people always use le

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl:t10:o3:1
# text = No risk, French people always use le
1	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	det	_	_
2	risk	risk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	7	advmod	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | French people | no risk |  |  |  | always *property* | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent le=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He'd be right, because le is the polite form

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:25-le-la-un-une-every-word-is-a-boy-or-a-girl:t10:o4:1
# text = He'd be right, because le is the polite form
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'd	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	le	le	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | would | He |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | le | the polite form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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