---
title: Max says leaving off the cédille is "heaps unfair, it's just a squig… — Accents: é, è, ê, ç and friends · tree and pragmatics
description: Max says leaving off the cédille is "heaps unfair, it's just a squiggle." ("Heaps" means very.) What happens without it? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 3 «Accents: é, è, ê, ç and friends» of the French course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option;
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Accents: é, è, ê, ç and friends

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Max says leaving off the cédille is "heaps unfair, it's just a squiggle." ("Heaps" means very.) What happens without it?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Max, heaps, cédille · **What happens:** say, leave off, be, mean, happen · **To what, where:** cédille, squiggle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 3 «Accents: é, è, ê, ç and friends» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/french/3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Max says leaving off the cédille is "heaps unfair, it's just a squiggle."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:1
# text = Max says leaving off the cédille is "heaps unfair, it's just a squiggle."
1	Max	Max	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cédille	cédille	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	squiggle	squiggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Max |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **leave off** | gerund |  | the cédille |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cédille=Theme |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | heaps |  |  |  |  | unfair *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | cédille | a squiggle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* ("Heaps" means very.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:2
# text = ("Heaps" means very.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Heaps |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What happens without it?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:3
# text = What happens without it?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	without	without	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present |  |  |  |  |  | without cédille | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word changes into the word for girl

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:o1:1
# text = The word changes into the word for girl
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | the word |  |  |  |  | into the word for girl *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: agent=Patient into word=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing changes, it is just a little squiggle

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:o2:1
# text = Nothing changes, it is just a little squiggle
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	squiggle	squiggle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | present | Nothing |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | it | a little squiggle |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The c turns hard, so it sounds like "gar-KON"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:o3:1
# text = The c turns hard, so it sounds like "gar-KON"
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	c	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	gar	gar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	KON	kon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the c |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sound** | present | c |  |  |  |  | like gar KON | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The c becomes silent, so it sounds like "gar-ON"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:3-accents-e-e-e-c-and-friends:t4:o4:1
# text = The c becomes silent, so it sounds like "gar-ON"
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	c	c	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	becomes	become	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	silent	silent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	gar	gar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	ON	ON	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present | the c |  |  |  |  | silent *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **sound** | present | c |  |  |  |  | like gar | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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