---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Hello and goodbye: greetings · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the customary use of bonjour in France? Exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Hello and goodbye: greetings» of the French course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice 
---

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# Exam question 1 · Hello and goodbye: greetings

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the customary use of bonjour in France?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, use · **To what, where:** customary use, bonjour

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 4 «Hello and goodbye: greetings» of the French course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/french/4-hello-and-goodbye-greetings/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:4-hello-and-goodbye-greetings:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the customary use of bonjour in France?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	customary	customary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	bonjour	bonjour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the customary use of bonjour in France |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **use** |  |  | bonjour in France |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is considered impolite when addressed to shopkeepers

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:4-hello-and-goodbye-greetings:e1:o1:1
# text = It is considered impolite when addressed to shopkeepers
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	considered	consider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	impolite	impolite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
6	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	shopkeepers	shopkeeper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consider** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | impolite *property* | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **address** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to shopkeepers | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is reserved exclusively for close acquaintances and relatives

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:4-hello-and-goodbye-greetings:e1:o2:1
# text = It is reserved exclusively for close acquaintances and relatives
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reserved	reserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	acquaintances	acquaintance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	relatives	relative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reserve** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | for close acquaintances and relatives; exclusively *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for acquaintance=Beneficiary |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is employed solely upon retiring for the night

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:4-hello-and-goodbye-greetings:e1:o3:1
# text = It is employed solely upon retiring for the night
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	solely	solely	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | solely *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **retire** | gerund |  |  |  |  | night |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is expected as an opening courtesy towards any person addressed during the day

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:4-hello-and-goodbye-greetings:e1:o4:1
# text = It is expected as an opening courtesy towards any person addressed during the day
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	expected	expect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	opening	opening	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	courtesy	courtesy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	10	det	_	_
10	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	during	during	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **expect** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  | as a opening courtesy; towards any person | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **address** | participle |  | any person *not said here* |  |  | day |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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