---
title: A French boy hears Lucas say "John" and hands him his friend Jean. E… — Colours · tree and pragmatics
description: A French boy hears Lucas say "John" and hands him his friend Jean. Everyone loses it. ("Loses it" means laughs a lot.) What did Lucas want? Test 7 of lesson 9 «Colours» of the French course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's c
---

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# Test 7 · Colours

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A French boy hears Lucas say "John" and hands him his friend Jean. Everyone loses it. ("Loses it" means laughs a lot.) What did Lucas want?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** French boy, Lucas, Everyone, Loses · **What happens:** hear, say, hand, lose, mean, laugh · **To what, where:** John, friend, lot · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 of lesson 9 «Colours» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/french/9-colours/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A French boy hears Lucas say "John" and hands him his friend Jean.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:1
# text = A French boy hears Lucas say "John" and hands him his friend Jean.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hears	hear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	Lucas	Lucas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hands	hand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
12	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	iobj	_	_
15	Jean	Jean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present | a French boy |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Lucas | John |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent john=Topic |
| 3 | **hand** | present |  |  | Lucas's friend |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination friend=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Everyone loses it.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:2
# text = Everyone loses it.
1	Everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	loses	lose	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Everyone | friend |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Loses it" means laughs a lot.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:3
# text = ("Loses it" means laughs a lot.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Loses	lose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	laughs	laugh	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Loses |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **laugh** | present |  | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* What did Lucas want?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:4
# text = What did Lucas want?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Lucas	Lucas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	want	want	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | past · do-support | Lucas |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot what=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yellow pencil, jaune

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:o1:1
# text = The yellow pencil, jaune
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	jaune	jaune	NOUN	FW	Foreign=Yes	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pencil of a boy called John

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:o2:1
# text = The pencil of a boy called John
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	John	John	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | a boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A brown pencil, marron

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:o3:1
# text = A brown pencil, marron
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	marron	marron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A white pencil, blanc

```conllu
# sent_id = question:french:9-colours:t7:o4:1
# text = A white pencil, blanc
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	blanc	blanc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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