---
title: A friend thinks Iran and Iraq are the same country spelled two ways.… — The Middle East and Central Asia · tree and pragmatics
description: A friend thinks Iran and Iraq are the same country spelled two ways. What is right? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 12 «The Middle East and Central Asia» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · The Middle East and Central Asia

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friend thinks Iran and Iraq are the same country spelled two ways. What is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** friend, Iran, same country · **What happens:** think, be, spell · **To what, where:** same country, two ways · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 12 «The Middle East and Central Asia» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/12-middle-east-and-central-asia/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A friend thinks Iran and Iraq are the same country spelled two ways.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:12-middle-east-and-central-asia:t3:1
# text = A friend thinks Iran and Iraq are the same country spelled two ways.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
11	spelled	spell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	ways	way	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | a friend |  |  |  |  |  | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Iran and Iraq | the same country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spell** | participle | the same country *not said here* | two ways |  |  |  |  | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent way=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:12-middle-east-and-central-asia:t3:2
# text = What is right?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iraq is the old name of Iran, used before the country changed its name in the 1930s

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:12-middle-east-and-central-asia:t3:o1:1
# text = Iraq is the old name of Iran, used before the country changed its name in the 1930s
1	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	1930s	1930	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Iraq | the old name |  |  |  | of Iran | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle | Iraq *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **change** | past | the country | country's name |  | the 1930s |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Patient |
| 4 | **name** |  | country |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are one country with two names

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:12-middle-east-and-central-asia:t3:o2:1
# text = They are one country with two names
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | one country |  |  |  | with two names | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Iran is a city in Iraq

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:12-middle-east-and-central-asia:t3:o3:1
# text = Iran is a city in Iraq
1	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Iran | a city |  | Iraq |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are two different countries: Iran's capital is Tehran and Iraq's is Baghdad

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:12-middle-east-and-central-asia:t3:o4:1
# text = They are two different countries: Iran's capital is Tehran and Iraq's is Baghdad
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	Iran	Iran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	Tehran	Tehran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	Iraq	Iraq	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	Baghdad	Baghdad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | two different countries |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Iran's capital | Tehran and Iraq's Baghdad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Iran's capital *not said here* | Iraq's Baghdad |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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