---
title: Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came. What wou… — Africa: countries and capitals · tree and pragmatics
description: Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came. What would you tell her? Test 5 of lesson 13 «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · Africa: countries and capitals

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came. What would you tell her?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Ella, Africans, Europeans, you · **What happens:** think, have, come, tell · **To what, where:** kingdoms, Ella · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 13 «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:13-africa-countries-and-capitals:t5:1
# text = Ella thinks Africans had no kingdoms before Europeans came.
1	Ella	Ella	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Africans	African	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	Europeans	European	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | Ella |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | Africans | no kingdoms |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient |
| 3 | **come** | past | Europeans |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What would you tell her?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:13-africa-countries-and-capitals:t5:2
# text = What would you tell her?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | would | you |  | Ella |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient what=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is right, Africa had only villages

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:13-africa-countries-and-capitals:t5:o1:1
# text = She is right, Africa had only villages
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	villages	village	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past | Africa | villages |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent village=Patient |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Africa had great states, such as the Mali Empire, one of the richest in the world in the 1300s

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:13-africa-countries-and-capitals:t5:o2:1
# text = Africa had great states, such as the Mali Empire, one of the richest in the world in the 1300s
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	10	case	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Mali	Mali	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	richest	rich	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	1300s	1300	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Africa | great states |  | the 1300s |  | such the Mali Empire | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent state=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Africa's first kingdom was founded in 1960

```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:13-africa-countries-and-capitals:t5:o3:1
# text = Africa's first kingdom was founded in 1960
1	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	founded	found	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1960	1960	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **found** | past · passive |  | Africa's first kingdom |  | 1960 |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only Egypt ever had a king, and all the other lands were ruled by chiefs from Cairo

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:geography:13-africa-countries-and-capitals:t5:o4:1
# text = Only Egypt ever had a king, and all the other lands were ruled by chiefs from Cairo
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	12	det:predet	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	ruled	rule	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	chiefs	chief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl:agent	_	_
17	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Cairo	Cairo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Egypt | a king |  |  | ever |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Patient |
| 2 | **rule** | past · passive | chiefs | all other lands |  | Cairo |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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